Freud s Theory Of Psychosexual Development - 1055 Words

It all Starts at Birth Ever wonder if your child is on the right track? In life, people see development in different ways. From birth to death, the developmental process is very complex. There are many theorists who have researched what a person goes through and their behavior. They have established a set of guidelines and stages that a person should go through or be doing at certain times throughout life. Thus, this paper will aim to discuss the three main theories of development; Freud’s theory, Erikson’s theory, and Piaget’s theory. Sigmund Freud is the one who has wrote a theory of psychosexual development. Freud’s theory consist of a set of stages from birth until adulthood. He feels that is any of his stages are not met that there†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Like Freud, Erikson assumes that a crisis occurs at each stage of development† (McLeod, 2008). The first cycle of his theory is Trust vs. Mistrust, and occurs in ages from birth to 18 months. In this t ime, the infant learns who the primary caregiver is. In this time, they also begin to trust the caregiver, if they provide everything that the infant needs. When this stage is successful, it will lead in the development of hope for the child. If this time is not successful, the infant will have a sense of distrust. The second stage that the child will go through is from 18 months until three years old. This cycle is called Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt, and in the cycle children begin being able to show their independence by walking or playing. If the child is surrounded by much encouragement they become more confident in the things that they do. If they are controlled, and critiqued they start becoming to feel a sense of shame or doubt regarding the things that they can do. The third period is from ages three to five, and is named Initiative vs. Guilt. In this point of the child’s life, play is a major aspect. Children begin to become creative by planning activities that woul d like to do, and make up games to play with other children. If the child is able to do such things, the child will develop a sense of initiative and they will feel secure in their environment, and their selves. If this period isShow MoreRelatedSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychosexual Development1813 Words   |  8 PagesSigmund Freud is considered one of the most famous and controversial figures in the field of psychology. Originating from his work, the psychoanalytic theory has influenced and motivated many others, neo-Freudians, to expand on Freud’s beliefs and create their own theories. Using the clinical data from his work with mental health patients, Freud created the theory of psychosexual development to explain how one’s personality is developed in stages, formed through experiences during childhood and unconsciousRead MoreFreud s Theory Of Psychosexual Development Essay1272 Words   |  6 Pagesexplain their theory. Once we explain the theory, we are then to compare and contrast from a biblical perspective. One of the most famous theorist the world has ever known is a man by the name of Sigmund Freud. Now Freud’s theory of Psychosexual Development is the philosophy I chose to discuss because it is by far in my opinion one of the silliest and most controversial of all the theories I have a chance to explore. At first glance you will totally get the wrong idea about the theory. I mean seriouslyRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychosexual Development908 Words   |  4 PagesThe first theory that can relate to this issue is Sigmund Freud’s theory of psychosexual development. And this is sexual and emotional development during our life course. And there is three parts to this, the id, ego, and superego. For the id it is the unconscious personality and this is present from birth. It strives for the needs, the wants, and all desires. And this relates to my story because my needs where not met at time where I needed it th e most. My mom did not give that attention that soRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychosexual Development1550 Words   |  7 PagesSigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis. In his life Freud was a medical doctor, psychologist, physiologist, and an influential thinker. Freud is most known for his in depth exploration of the human mind. In this paper I take an in depth look at the life Freud lived, all the way from when he was born to when he tragically died. I also take a look at multiple influential theories he created which led to many different breakthrough when it comes to the study of the mind. His most popular theory thatRead MoreSigmund Freud And Erik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosexual Development1806 Words   |  8 Pages 2 Parental actions can influence both positive and negative developments in the personalities of children. These developments begin at birth and continue throughout the lifespan. Parenting can be difficult at times, but what one must remember is that the actions of parents in the early stages of their children’s life can be the most significant. Of all the theorists who have studied the development of personality, Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson have been the most influential in explaining howRead MoreFreud s Theory Of Psychosexual Stages Of Development And Costa And Mccrae s Five Factor Model2237 Words   |  9 PagesAbstract Freud’s theory of psychosexual stages of development and Costa and McCrae’s Five Factor model were compared to assess the personality of a woman named Judy, experiencing difficulty in her primary relationships and day to day functioning. The main purposes of the study is to explain how each theorist would assess Judy’s behavior and identify the strengths and weaknesses of each approach and further the differences and any similarities found. The key strength of Costa and McCrae’s modelRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Development1000 Words   |  4 PagesFreud’s psychosexual theory of development is and why it is important for the developing child to overcome said conflicts. I also talked about the different effects of not overcoming the conflicts Freud had determined that would lead to adult behaviors. Over the years, Sigmund Freud has created many theories involving many different ideas in the psychological world. One theory that stood out to me throughout our journey in introduction to psychology is Freud’s developmental theory. Freud s developmentRead MoreShedding Light On Freud s Controversial Psychoanalytic Theory1525 Words   |  7 PagesPsychoanalytic Theory Krystle D. Kraft St. Johns River State College: Human Growth and Development Shedding Light on Freud’s Controversial Psychoanalytic Theory Psychoanalytic theories suggest that developmental changes happen due to the power of internal drives and emotions. Sigmund Freud, a Viennese physician, is said to be the founding father of this theory. He believed biological impulses, such as a need for food and sex, were the driving impulses for personality development (Denise BoydRead MoreTheories And Theory Of Psychosocial Development Essay1255 Words   |  6 Pages 1 Theories Theorist Tiffany Leaf Walden University Dr. Thomas Russo RSCH – 61007-6 Research Theory Life is full of many experiences and challenges which help individuals to grow and become better people. There has been tons of research to better understand how and why humans develop and grow the way they do. Among the many theories and therapist in the field of psychology, I have chosen psychosexual and psychosocial development to provide basic tenets, explainRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1356 Words   |  6 PagesSigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist, also known as the founding father of Psychoanalysis. Freud discovered psychoanalysis by organizing ideas and information from different theories and clinical observations. Psychoanalysis is A method of analyzing psychic phenomena and treating mental and emotional disorders that is based on the concepts and theories of Sigmund Freud, that emphasizes the importance of free association and dream analysis, and that involves treatment sessions during which the

Online Therapy - 1280 Words

Online Therapy Daryl Hartlauer BSHS-375 06/18/2015 David B. Lagerson Online Therapy The purpose of this paper is to investigate and to report how on-line therapy is currently being implemented in treatment today. I will be looking at three different current services and how they are regulated, how they are implemented, security issues, ethical issues, and treatment facilitation. In my opinion on-line therapy offers some unique advantages both for the client and the therapist. There are however some considerations in regards to distance, such as therapy being provided across state or national boundaries, being able to maintain a secure environment as well as a loss of some valuable to cues in reading and evaluating†¦show more content†¦Each listed therapist or counselor is licensed in their field for their particular state. This company founded in April of 2000 is claimed to be the largest global network of therapists available for online services. (Online Therapy, 2015) Conclusion There are a myriad of choices available to choose from. Many are offering very similar services, so it is a good practice to check their credentials, read their bios along with their ratings. Make sure that theyre using HIPPA approved software and have secure network connections. Another consideration, is the counselor certified or licensed in your state? Checked the pricing and read all the fine print to ensure you are getting what you are paying for. With the variety and types of services available online, be clear in what you’re trying to accomplish and what your needs are in order to make an informed decision. Some of the services use skype (business) or private e-mail lists. E-mail counseling evolved out of more traditional paper letter based counseling. This type of counseling has been used all the way back to Freud and his patients. One of the major drawbacks compared to face to face is that some of the inflection, tone of voice, posture and body language c an not necessarily be transmitted online. This can make it difficult to accurately assess the client or even lead to misdiagnosis. For someone who suffers withShow MoreRelatedOnline Therapy1057 Words   |  5 Pagesinformation. Therapy may be considered a clients maximum force in obtaining control of their problems they face during their lives. In current years therapy has evolved into a higher-level of treatment and can be taken online. Online therapy is cost effective, convenient, and helps with time management. On the web currently there are uncountable amounts of online therapy organizations available for individuals to benefit from, if needed. To obtain knowledge of the details of online therapy I haveRead MoreOnline Therapy1437 Words   |  6 PagesOnline Therapy BSHS/352 February 3,2014 Online Therapy Therapy can be seen as a way for a client to work through an issue in their life. A client may find that they dont feel comfortable sitting in an office with a therapist discussing their issues or concerns but that they would rather obtain therapy by accessing the Internet and utilizing online therapy. With modern technology it makes it much easier to access different forms of online therapyRead MoreOnline Therapy Paper1529 Words   |  7 PagesOnline Therapy Heather Lattea BSHS/352 Instructor Andrade August 13, 2012 Online Therapy Online therapy has emerged as a viable new option in the helping profession. Online therapy or e-therapy occurs when a therapist provides therapy and support over the Internet. E-mail, chat, video, or smart phone are all waysRead MoreOnline Therapy Paper1146 Words   |  5 PagesMARY H. GOODMAN JUNE 20TH, 2013 ONLINE THERAPY PAPER BSHA/352 TECHNOLOGY IN HUMAN SERVICES JASON ANDRADE ONLINE THERAPY PAPER INTRODUCATION This paper will discuss conduct and discuss three different online therapy sites. It will discuss the contact of each website, the professional involved, how the actual online interaction occurs. It will address how professional associations and state boards view online therapy. It will discuss the related security and ethical issues, such as informedRead MoreOnline Therapy Sites1574 Words   |  7 PagesOnline Therapy Sites Online therapy is professional counseling services that are offered over the internet. Online therapy allows clients and professionals to communicate over the internet without having to communicate in the traditional office visits. In addition, online therapy allows clients and patients to attend online counseling in which the clients will feel more comfortable and less intimidated. On the other hand, clients are more likely to be open and honest when communicating throughRead MoreOnline Therapy Paper1368 Words   |  6 PagesOnline Therapy Paper Keisha Lucas BSHS/352 April 8, 2013 Professor Kari Siemieniewski Online Therapy Paper Online Therapy is a service that helps people to obtain therapeutic services through an online database that is ran by a therapist or a group of therapists, who are in charge of the website. Therapeutic websites are very helpful for someone who isn’t able to get to an office setting to have face-to-face sessions. They are extremely convenient because one can have counseling sessionsRead MoreOnline Therapy Paper1114 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Online Therapy Paper Shanika Elebeck BSHS 375 June 23, 2015 Ms. Reyes Online Therapy Paper Technology has made an enormous advancement with the helping field through technical applications. Applications like Skype can allow a person to communicate through video. A person can use Skype for personal and professional purposes. Applications that allow a person to video chat have been used to perform online doctor visits and online psychotherapy services. Like everything in this world nothingRead MoreThe Use of E-Therapy to Improve Quality of Care and Increase Number of Patients1025 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ The Use of E-Therapy to Improve Quality of Care and Increase Number of Patients HCS/531 January 13, 2014 The Use of E-Therapy to Improve Quality of Care and Increase Number of Patients As a member of ABC consultants, New York Presbyterian has hired me to pinpoint ways to improve and expand their patient care. New York Presbyterian Hospital based in New York, whose â€Å"healthcare system serves residents of Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, and the Bronx, as well as Westchester, Long IslandRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Therapeutic Alliance1276 Words   |  6 Pagesare a multitude of reasons why an individual may need or want therapy; whether it’s due to learning how to cope with a mental disorder or disability, life happenings such as traumas or abuse, addictions, or even PTSD. Anybody can receive it – individual persons, families, or groups. It isn’t hard to argue that most therapists and psychologists will agree that the therapeutic alliance is one of the most beneficial foundations of a therapy session. Also referred to as the working alliance or workingRead MorePersonal Statement On Online Counseling Essay1376 Words   |  6 Pages with difficult issues. Therapists who work online will conduct consistent conferences while keeping the record of patients improvement like a physician who operates out of an office. Online therapists use different strategies than a traditional mental health professional. Because these meetings do not take place in the regular setting, the doctor uses a variety of methods to make contact with the client. The session can be conducted through the use of online video chats, by email and phone calls. But

Downs Syndrome Essay Research Paper IntroductionIn the free essay sample

Downs Syndrome Essay, Research Paper IntroductionIn the United States about one in every 1000 unrecorded births is a kid with Downs Syndrome. Downs Syndrome affects all races and genders. It is caused by excess familial stuff on the 21st chromosome. There are three different types of Downs Syndrome known to adult male today. The first instance of reported was in the late 1950? s, but the status was identified in the late 1960? s. In most instances it is simple to place an person with Downs Syndrome. In most instances the facial characteristics give it off, but today with new engineering it is easy to do these characteristics less noticeable. While there is no? remedy? for Downs Syndrome, there are interventions that can assist patient? s unrecorded full and happy lives. These interventions are non proven to be one hundred per centum affective, but they have helped many patients to populate happier, more comfy lives. The Medical jobs are involved with Downs Syndrome are more terrible in Downs so they would be in that of a healthy kid. What is Downs Syndrome? Named for a British Doctor, John Langdon Down, who foremost clinically identified the status in 1866, Downs Syndrome is a familial status caused by excess familial cistrons from the 21st chromosome ( figure 1 ) . It is unknown what causes the excess chromosome, but tit green goodss excess proteins, and when the excess chromosome is present the production of the proteins are doubled and causes the typical Downs Syndrome characteristics. ( ? The Story of Downs Syndrome? ) What are the Different Types of Downs Syndrome? Figure 2 Downs Syndrome, sometimes umpire to as DS or Downs, can happen in three different signifiers, Trisomy 21 ( figure 2 ) , Translocation, and Mosiac. The most common of the three, Trisomy 21, impacting 95 per centum of patients with Downs Syndrome is caused by an excess 21st chromosome. Normally a individual has 23 braces of chromosomes, each made up of cistrons, but in Trisomy 21 ( nondisjunction ) the individual has three figure 21 chromosomes insteadad of two. This occurs when the formation of the egg or sperm a double-dose of the chromosome goes to the egg or sperm. Normally when the egg or sperm are organizing they split so that merely one chromosome is in the egg or sperm, but in trisomy 21 they wear? t split doing the person to hold more chromosomes so they need. In the 2nd signifier, translocation, which occurs in about three or four per centum of Downs instances. In this signifier an excess portion of chromosome figure 21 articulations with another chromosome. In half of Downs instances with translocation one of the parents? cavities an excess 21st chromosome in a balanced or concealed signifier. In the 3rd signifier, mosaic, the person with Downs has an excess 21st chromosome merely in some of the cells. This nevertheless, is highly rare and lone affects about 2 % of the Downs instances. What are the odds of holding a kid with Downs Syndrome? The odds of holding a kid with DS are assorted. Anywhere from 1 in 800 unrecorded births to 1 in 1100 unrecorded births. There is no greater opportunity of holding a kid with Downs associated with peculiar race, civilization or geographic part. In recent surveies, nevertheless, it has been proven that most Downs Syndrome instances are associated to a female parent? s age. The odds of holding a kid with Downs Syndrome increases as the age of the female parent additions in which she reproduces. A female parent who is 25 has about a 1 in 1400, 35 is a 1 in 350, but as the female parent reaches 40 her opportunities addition to about 1 in every 100 unrecorded births. Another factor is if the parent already has Trisomy 21 it is 1 in 100 at any age. What is the birthrate rate in Downs Syndrome? The opportunities of a adult female with Downs Syndrome going pregnant is about 50 % , nevertheless, most males are unfertile and can? t have kids. In history there is one narrative of a adult male bring forthing a gestation and the female parent had Downs Syndrome every bit good. The Pregnancy miscarried about halfway through. What are some of the interventions for downs? While Downs Syndrome can? t be cured or outgrown in any manner supplying good medical attention can modify the affects. None of the undermentioned interventions have been proven 100 % affectional, many people have said that they help them a small, but some besides belief that this is because they have a positive mentality because there may be some hope. Some interventions include thyroid, endocrine, pituitary infusion, glutimic acid, dimthyl sulfoxide, sica cell therapy, five hydroxythptophan, assorted vitamin and mineral therapies, and most late, nootropic drugs like piracetam. The most unsafe out of all these interventions is the sicca cell therapy. The vitamin and mineral therapies can assist to modulate a batch of organic structure maps and that is why it is most normally used. Can Downs Syndrome patients be educated? With the right instruction and attending of parental figures the person with Downs Syndrome can larn to make things such as read. Teaching them nevertheless takes a great sum of forbearance. Downs carries holds such as in larning countries. Many people have learned to walk, talk, swim, sit a motorcycle, read and unrecorded lives as most other kids do. The earlier a kid is taught the better the opportunity of a kid larning to make things such as read. Adults can make these things excessively, but it will most likely return longer and necessitate a greater sum of clip and forbearance. What are Commom features or characteristics linked to toss off? Some of the most Commom characteristics of an person with downs are: hapless musculus tone, slanted eyes with creases of tegument at the interior corners, hyperflexablitliy, short wide custodies with a fold across the thenar or thenar, wide pess with short toes, level span of the nose, little caput, little oral cavity gap ( Figure 3 ) every bit good as high-pitched calls as an baby. Even with these characteristics being common it is really rare to happen a individual with all or most of the characteristics. Aside from these physical characteristics most Downs Syndrome instances are at a lower rational development degree so other childs their age. Children with Downs Syndrome normally have a batch of wellness related jobs such a lower abode to infection, which makes them more prone to repertory jobs. Hearing and sight is besides another issue in Downs Syndrome. They normally are close or farsighted or cross-eyed, moderate hearing loss and address trouble. In particulars what do these characteristics mean? Low musculus tone or, hypotnia means that the musculus appears to be relaxed, or floppy. This will impact motion of the organic structure. Skin is one of the most sensitive countries of an person with Downs Syndrome. The tegument is just, and is to annoyance or checking. Their hair is normally really short, and all right, every bit good as sparse. What are the most common tegument jobs? As a newborn they normally will hold bluish custodies and pess for several yearss after birth. Another common tegument job among newborn babes is a blue moult of the tegument skin ( marmarata ) . This instance of tegument job is common in all babes but by and large last longer in ds babes. Chronic tegument conditions are common in Downs Syndrome. It causes dry, unsmooth tegument. It is associated with a vitamin A lack. This status is best managed best with nondrying soaps, adding oils to bath H2O, and utilizing moisturizers daily. What is the life anticipation of a kid with Downs Syndrome? Generally Downs Syndrome reduces a individual? s life by about 10 to 20 old ages. There have been people with Downs Syndrome who have lived good into their 80? s. Because Downs Syndrome patients age prematurely they normally have medical issues which causes the to decease at an earlier age. Are people with Down Syndrome at high hazard of developing Alzheimer # 8217 ; s disease subsequently in life? It would depend on your position of Alzheimer? s. Although it is true that some of the Alzheimer-like alterations in the physical encephalon occur in most, if non all, people with Down Syndrome as they age, the clinical visual aspect of dementedness does non ever occur. The latest thought is that because of premature aging, Alzheimer # 8217 ; s dementia that does develop comes on at an earlier age but that the incidence of dementedness may or may non be increased. It would be incorrect to presume that an grownup with Down Syndrome who appears to hold developed dementedness does in fact have Alzheimer # 8217 ; s dementedness. There are many medical and psychiatric conditions that may mime dementedness. This is peculiarly true if the person is less than 40 or 50 old ages of age. ( National Downs Syndrome Assoc. ) How should a parent and physician attention for a kid with Downs? Neonatal periodDirectly from birth the first topographic point a Downs Syndrome babe should be taken is to so exam room for diagnosing to find minute re serious jobs such as a bosom status. The first defects that should be tested for are largely bosom related. Heart defects are highly common in Downs Syndrome babes. Another thing that should be checked is for inborn disruption of the hips. Extra attention should be taken during the usual neonatal scrutiny. In approximately 13 % of Downs Syndrome neonates there are already version jobs with inborn cataracts. The remotion of this early is really important. The Oklahoman removed the better the babes vision is. ( ? How to handle people with Downs Syndrome? ) InfancyIt is highly of import to watch that the kid during babyhood doesn? t develop any sort of ictus jobs. A kid with Downs Syndrome is 10 % more likely to hold shanghaiers during the first twelvemonth of life so a kid without Downs Syndrome. It is besides of import that the early intercession plans are looked into. Early intercession is a plan that is place or office based and consists of address therapy and physical therapy. ChildhoodAt this point in life the holds become more apparent. The kid is normally ready to come in school at the same age of a kid without Downs Syndrome, but milestones most likely will non be reached until after the kids of regular ages reach them. Again in the affair of what category to put a kid in is wholly dependent on the badness of the Downs Syndrome. Frequent physician visits will assist the kid in dental attention, medical issues, etc. AdulthoodBy the age of 25 an person with Downs Syndrome is normally populating out of the place, whether in a place with other Downs Syndrome people or in a regular independent environment can normally take attention of themselves for the most portion. Normally a parental defender is appointed in the instance of medical issues or in the case that the Downs Syndrome patient and no longer attentions for themselves. Celebrated people with DownsOne of the most celebrated people with Downs Syndrome is Chris Burke ( see figure 4, second from the right ) He played Charles? Corkey? Thacher on the ABC hit sitcom Life Goes On. In The show he played a high school Boy traveling through life? s battles with Downs Syndrome. The show talked many issues such as homelessness, AIDS, Drunk Driving, and disablements. Chris was non originally considered for the function. He was chosen after questioning two other kids with Downs Syndrome. They were to immature or non what the projecting manager was looking for. One of the two suggested that they try Chris. His dream was to be an histrion, but with Downs Syndrome it seemed that his dreams were traveling to be shattered. They viewed his hearing tape and they knew he was the individual they wanted fro the function. They spent more clip on this one-hour situation comedy so any other. It was highly difficult to the lines perfect because they had to take many cuts. Chri s had a difficult clip retrieving his lines, but when he did the scenes were perfect. Chris is an illustration of a high-functioning Downs Syndrome patient. He held a occupation at place and graduated from high school. Support groupsOne thing parents can make to assist a kid with Downs Syndrome to go a more societal kid is a support group. There a support groups that are on-line every bit good as in schools. Peoples get together and discourse the issues they are confronting with their kids and how they handle these state of affairss. They besides let the kids interact with one another. Interaction with other kids with Downs Syndrome is of import because it helps the kid to understand that there are other kids with Downs Syndrome. Parents besides need these groups to understand all the things their kids are traveling through. Most support groups are held at a parent? s house to assist both the kid and parent fell more comfy with the group. What kinds of holds do Downs Syndrome patients hold? During childhood normally have speech hindrances or linguistic communication jobs of some sort. They besides may hold rational holds. This is why it is of import for the kid to hold address healers and attend early intercession get downing early in life. What is antenatal proving? At the clip there are many different types of antenatal proving to find if the kid will hold Downs Syndrome. These trials include amniocentesis, chronic villus sampling, and transdermal umbilical blood sampling. Before undergoing any of these diagnostic trials, it is of import that patients and their households get elaborate familial guidance. Amniocentesis is the remotion and analysis of a little sample of foetal cells from the amnionic fluidis. This can? t be done until the 14th to 18th hebdomad of gestation. Chorionic villus trying is conducted at 9 to 11 hebdomads of Pregnancy and involves pull outing a bantam sum of chorionic villi, tissue extensions that finally develop into a placenta. The tissue can be tested for the presence of excess stuff from chromosome 21. And another type, transdermal umbilical blood sampling is the most accurate method and can be used to corroborate the consequences of CVS or amniocentesis. This can non be performed until lat er in the gestation, during the 18th to 22nd hebdomads, and carries the greatest hazard of abortion. New antenatal diagnostic techniques are presently being developed. The NICHD has supported the development of a new, noninvasive trial performed during the first trimester of gestation, which samples and separates foetal cells from the female parent # 8217 ; s blood. The end is to compare the truth of this type of cellular degree analysis with consequences obtained by amniocentesis or CVS. ( Prenatal showing for Downs Syndrome ) Downs Syndrome in the hereafter? At the clip it is being disputed whether Downs Syndrome Patients would profit from medical intercession that includes aminic acid addendums and a drug known as piracetam. Piracetam is a type of psychotropic drug. Some believe that it may better cognitive map. However, there have been no controlled surveies utilizing Piracetam to handle Down syndrome in the United States that shows its efficiency. Down syndrome research workers have developed a mouse theoretical account to analyse the developmental effects of Down syndrome. Mice are used because a big stretch of mouse chromosome 16 has many cistrons in common with those on human chromosome 21. Analyzing these theoretical accounts at changing phases so development will heighten our basic apprehension of down syndrome and ease the development of effectual intercessions and intervention schemes. ( Future Directions in Down Syndrome Research ) ConclusionDowns is a good dispersed familial upset that does non know apart against race or genders. The lone thing that is known about what causes the characteristics is the excess sum of proteins that the 21st chromosome green goodss. Another major point that plays a function in Downs Syndrome is the female parent? s age. The greater age the greater the opportunities of bring forthing a kid with the familial upset. The lone major thing that a parent can make if they have a kid with Downs Syndrome the best thing you can make is to fall in a support group and larn every bit much as you can about Downs Syndrome from other parents and kids with experience with Downs Syndrome. The best thing that can be done for a kid with Downs Syndrome is to love them unconditionally and do regular physician visits to look into on the bosom, eyes, ears and tegument. BibliographyInternetKing, David. Familial Diseases: Down Syndrome. 14 March, 2002. Trumble, Stephen. How to Treat Peoples with Down Syndrome. 1993. Royce, Brenda Scott. Life Goes On. 2001. Leshin, Len. Trisomy 21: The Origin Of Downs Syndrome. September 20, 2000. BooksColeman, Mary and Rogers. Medical Care in Down Syndrome: A Preventive Medicine Approach. Marcel Dekker, Inc, NY, 1992. Hernandez D and Fisher EMC. Down syndrome genetic sciences: unknoting a multifactorial upset. Hum. mol. Genet. , 5: 1411-1416, 1996. Shapiro, BL. Whither Down syndrome critical parts? Hum Genet 99: 421-423, 1997. Saenz, Rebecca. Primary attention of babies and immature kids with Down syndrome, American Family Physician, volume 59, figure 2, January 15, 1999, pages 381-390. Hassold, Patterson, D. ( Eds. ) . Down Syndrome: A Promising Future, Together. New York: Wiley Liss, 1998. Saenz, Rebecca. Primary attention of babies and immature kids with Down syndrome, American Family Physician, volume 59, figure 2, January 15, 1999, pages 381-390. Stray-Gunderson, K. Babies with Down Syndrome. Rockville, M.D. , Woodbine House, 1995. National Down Syndrome Society, About Down Syndrome, New York, N.Y. , December 1999.

Which Social Media Channel is Best for Your Content

You know you should be using social media to establish your brand and engage your audience. But do you know which channels will best support your content or what type of results you should be looking for from each platform? Maybe that amazing infographic you posted on Facebook isn’t being shared as much as you expected. Perhaps a quote you tweeted isn’t sending you much web traffic. Are these even the type of results you should be looking for? Figuring out where to publish your content is key to defining your brand’s image and engaging more of your audience. But to accomplish your marketing objectives, you’ll need to first clarify what those should be on each social platform. First, Determine Your Objectives If you’re not clear about your marketing objectives, you’re shooting in the dark. You need to know which platforms suit your image, which will broaden your reach and where your target audience spends most of their time. You’ll then be able to determine which channels to spend your time on. Here we’ll look at the six major social platforms, focusing on which channels suit different marketing objectives, what type of content suits each platform and how to use each channel more effectively. Facebook With more than 70 percent of Internet users on Facebook, and around 70 percent of these using the site daily, it’s still considered by many to be the most popular social network. However, it’s important to remember that, like traditional mediums, there are some forms of content that will drive engagements, and others that will likely only collect tumbleweeds. Facebook is best suited to B2C companies looking to increase brand awareness and engagement, especially for local audiences. It has a very broad demographic and companies can leverage giveaways or promotions to generate a lot of buzz and follows. Brands that can associate themselves with personal, emotional stories, testimonials and community involvement also tend to see a larger spike in social interaction than those that don’t. To build loyalty, focus on creating conversations based on what interests your target market and don’t be afraid to ask them for feedback! Top tips for Facebook success: Post more visual content – 93 percent of posts with the most engagement are photos. Using emoticons will get your posts more likes. Thursdays and Fridays have 18 percent more engagement than other days. Question posts have twice the engagement of non-question posts. Use Facebook’s advertising program for paid support and greater reach. Twitter Probably the best social network for public relations, Twitter is ideal for quickly delivering company news and information to consumers. It’s also ideal as a customer service platform, giving you the opportunity to learn about your customers via honest feedback and respond to customer questions in real time. With no simple way to target different audience sectors (unless you use relevant hashtags or start paying for ads), it can sometimes feel like you’re throwing content into the wind. Nonetheless, if you’re targeting millennials (those born around 1980 to 2000), Twitter is a good place to reach them. Bear in mind, though, that many users who follow brands on Twitter are looking for exclusive offers. Top tips for Twitter success: Tweets with images and hashtags can double engagement. Post statistics, quotes and links to reports and blog posts that are relevant to your audience. Tweet two to five times daily using a scheduling tool like Buffer. Don’t be afraid to tweet content from other influential people or brands if they support your content strategy. Show your personality! No-one wants to engage in a conversation with a Twitter robot. Experiment with paid support in the form of twitter cards or a sponsored tweet. LinkedIn The go-to social network for professionals and B2B businesses, LinkedIn has over 350 million members. It’s one of the best networks for recruiting new employees and sharing business ideas and tips, but it can also be a great vehicle for generating new leads. Around 80 percent of LinkedIn users are aged 35 and above, and they’re mainly looking for useful business information and advice in the form of long-form posts. Pulse, LinkedIn’s publishing platform, is a great new outlet for publishing long-form content aimed at executives, entrepreneurs, workers and people about to retire. Top tips for LinkedIn success: Each post should focus on a specific topic that shows your unique expertise. Write interesting headlines, including industry keywords. Add pictures, videos, presentations and documents to your posts. Use the status update on your homepage to post shorter articles, images, documents and questions. You can also use the publish feature to post longer blog articles. Engage with those who respond to your content. Consider investing in paid support through LinkedIn’s sponsored ad program. Google Plus Although Google Plus has far fewer users than Facebook, being linked to the biggest search engine in the world offers outstanding SEO benefits. It’s also easy to publish various types of content and target specific audience segments. These two factors make it especially useful for local businesses, but it’s good for any business that wants to increase brand awareness, engagement and positive sentiment. Around 67 percent of its users are male, with an average age of 28, and it’s popular with technically-oriented users like engineers, designers, marketers and IT professionals. The most popular forms of content are animated gifs (product gifs are popular),educational articles, images, quotes and questions. Top tips for Google Plus success: Segment your audience using the circles feature. Write compelling, keyword-rich headlines for every post. To increase engagement, post videos related to your business. Link your blog or website to your Google Plus page and vice-versa. Pinterest If you’re selling physical products, especially for the food, fashion, home furnishings and DIY industries, you should use Pinterest. With around 100 million users, shoppers referred by Pinterest are 10% more likely to make a purchase than visitors who arrive from other social networks, making it an excellent P2P (person-to-person) platform for commercial gain. As the platform is visually-oriented, posting attractive images is a must, but you can also post content from your blog, digital assets from your website (like guides and whitepapers) as well as infographics and videos. So you can show your products, but also demonstrate your knowledge – whatever is appropriate to your marketing goals. Top tips for Pinterest success: Add text to images. Write keyword-rich descriptions and boards. Add a link to your pin descriptions. Don’t just show your product; show what people can do with your product. Post client testimonials. Share tips and inside knowledge. Tell your company’s story in pictures. Experiment with paid support through Pinterest’s promoted pins. Instagram Like Pinterest, Instagram is for visual content. Accordingly, it’s ideal for showing the more fun and creative side of your business and interacting with customers. Because it’s an image and video based platform, food, fashion, design, technology and lifestyle industries are the perfect fit. Popular among younger users, 43 percent of mobile owners aged 18 to 29 are on the site, and over half of users access the site on a daily basis. As well as showcasing your products, use Instagram to show people the less serious side of your business like behind-the-scenes photos and topical images. You can also boost engagement by holding photo contests. Top tips for Instagram success: Spend time creating more interesting images to boost engagement. Use hashtags, and don’t be afraid to use a lot! Try Instagram photo contests – user-generated content is more popular. Use images that support your brand’s philosophy. Post on weekday afternoons and weekends for more exposure. Using a small budget to start, try boosting engagement through Instagram’s new advertising platform. Conclusion Like most online marketing strategies, it takes time to see positive results on social media, but it’s worth the effort. Once you’ve figured out the channels that best suit your marketing goals, plan your content strategy for each channel, and spend time listening to and interacting with your audience – it’s not called â€Å"social† media for nothing. Instead of signing up to every platform, start with a select few that you can easily manage and build from there. For your first â€Å"push,† leverage your employees, top customers and your own personal network. As you get to know your audience more and better understand what drives engagements, you’ll have a much better chance at creating consumer advocates and achieving ultimate social media success! Did we miss something? Leave us a comment on your top social tips!

Suggestion of an Ideal Business Environment Appraisal Tool for Consensus Caring Homes Group The WritePass Journal

Suggestion of an Ideal Business Environment Appraisal Tool for Consensus Caring Homes Group Introduction Suggestion of an Ideal Business Environment Appraisal Tool for Consensus Caring Homes Group ). Threats As aforementioned, the organisation heavily relies on funding from the local government. In case of a regime change, the changes that might take place in budgetary allocations may bring about a threat of reduction or termination of funding (Teece, 2010). A diminishing quality of service, especially during periods of insufficient funding, threatens the good reputation of the organisation (Ordanini et al., 2011). This not only repels patients from seeking its services, but also increases scepticism among investors and well wishers who fund its operations. Employees may also resign citing poor remuneration, exposing the organisation to competition from other enterprises offering the same services. Conclusion A periodic appraisal or evaluation of internal and external business environments of an organisation is ideal for strategic planning. One of the widely used frameworks of analysis whish has been addressed in this paper is the SWOT analysis technique, which highlights the internal strengths and weaknesses, and the external opportunities and threats. Whereas it has several advantages over other analysis techniques, it also has a few shortcomings, which have been addressed. An example SWOT analysis that has been carried out on Consensus Caring Homes Group in this paper has listed most of the factors that it needs to consider before making a strategic decision regarding its performance. References Cadle, J., Paul, D. Turner. P. ‎(2010). Business Analysis Techniques: 72 Essential Tools for Success. Chippenham: BCS, The Chartered Institute. Carehome.co.uk. (2014). Care Homes Owned by Consensus: Info Members. [Online] Available at: carehome.co.uk/care_search_results.cfm/searchgroup/36151030CARB [Accessed 21 November 2014]. Consensus. (2014)a. Consensus Support Website: What Support do we offer? [Online] Available at: consensussupport.com/ [Accessed 21 November 2014]. Consensus (2014)b. The Consensus Support website: Where are we located? [Online] Available at: consensussupport.com/ [Accessed 21 November 2014]. Gazzola, P. et al. (2011). Enhancing environmental appraisal effectiveness: Towards an understanding of internal context conditions in organisational learning. Planning Theory Practice, 12(2):183-204. Helms, M.M. . Nixon, J. (2010). Exploring SWOT analysis–where are we now?: A review of academic research from the last decade. Journal of Strategy and Management, 3(3): 215-51. Lussier, R. (2011). Management Fundamentals: Concepts, Applications, Skill Development. Mason: Cengage Learning. Ordanini, A., Miceli, L., Pizzetti, M. Parasuraman, A. (2011). Crowd-funding: transforming customers into investors through innovative service platforms. Journal of Service Management, 22(4):443-70. Rosenberg, L., Kottorp, A. Nygà ¥rd, L. (2012). Readiness for Technology Use With People With Dementia The Perspectives of Significant Others. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 31(4):510-30. Teece, D.J. (2010). Business Models, Business Strategy and Innovation. Long Range Planning, 43(2):172-94. Warner, A.G. (2010). Strategic Analysis and Choice: A Structured Approach. California: Business Expert Press.

The Heinous Crimes of Saddam Hussein

The Heinous Crimes of Saddam Hussein Saddam Hussein, the president of Iraq from 1979 until 2003, gained international notoriety for torturing and murdering thousands of his people. Hussein believed he ruled with an iron fist to keep his country, divided by ethnicity and religion, intact. However, his actions bespeak a tyrannical despot who stopped at nothing to punish those who opposed him. On November 5, 2006, Saddam Hussein was found guilty of crimes against humanity in regards to the reprisal against Dujail. After an unsuccessful appeal, Hussein was hanged on December 30, 2006. Though prosecutors had hundreds of crimes to choose from, these are some of Husseins most heinous. Reprisal Against Dujail On July 8, 1982, Saddam Hussein was visiting the town of Dujail (50 miles north of Baghdad) when a group of Dawa militants shot at his motorcade. In reprisal for this assassination attempt, the entire town was punished. More than 140 fighting-age men were apprehended and never heard from again. Approximately 1,500 other townspeople, including children, were rounded up and taken to prison, where many were tortured. After a year or more in prison, many were exiled to a southern desert camp. The town itself was destroyed; houses were bulldozed, and orchards were demolished. Though Saddams reprisal against Dujail is considered one of his lesser-known crimes, it was chosen as the first crime for which he was tried. Anfal Campaign Officially from February 23 to September 6, 1988 (but often thought to extend from March 1987 to May 1989), Saddam Husseins regime carried out the Anfal (Arabic for spoils) campaign against the large Kurdish population in northern Iraq. The purpose of the campaign was to reassert Iraqi control over the area; however, the real goal was to eliminate the Kurdish people permanently. The campaign consisted of eight stages of assault, where up to 200,000 Iraqi troops attacked the area, rounded up civilians, and razed villages. Once rounded up, the civilians were divided into two groups: men from ages of about 13 to 70 and women, children, and elderly men. The men were then shot and buried in mass graves. The women, children, and elderly were taken to relocation camps where conditions were deplorable. In a few areas, especially areas that put up even a little resistance, everyone was killed. Hundreds of thousands of Kurds fled the area, yet it is estimated that up to 182,000 were killed during the Anfal campaign. Many people consider the Anfal campaign an attempt at genocide. Chemical Weapons Against Kurds As early as April 1987, the Iraqis used chemical weapons to remove Kurds from their villages in northern Iraq during the Anfal campaign. It is estimated that chemical weapons were used on approximately 40 Kurdish villages, with the largest of these attacks occurring on March 16, 1988, against the Kurdish town of Halabja. Beginning in the morning on March 16, 1988, and continuing all night, the Iraqis rained down volley after volley of bombs filled with a deadly mixture of mustard gas and nerve agents on Halabja. Immediate effects of the chemicals included blindness, vomiting, blisters, convulsions, and asphyxiation. Approximately 5,000 women, men, and children died within days of the attacks. Long-term effects included permanent blindness, cancer, and birth defects. An estimated 10,000 lived, but live daily with the disfigurement and sicknesses from the chemical weapons. Saddam Husseins cousin, Ali Hassan al-Majid was directly in charge of the chemical attacks against the Kurds, earning him the epithet, Chemical Ali. Invasion of Kuwait On August 2, 1990, Iraqi troops invaded the country of Kuwait. The invasion was induced by oil and a large war debt that Iraq owed Kuwait. The six-week Persian Gulf War pushed Iraqi troops out of Kuwait in 1991. As the Iraqi troops retreated, they were ordered to light oil wells on fire. Over 700 oil wells were lit, burning over one billion barrels of oil and releasing dangerous pollutants into the air. Oil pipelines were also opened, releasing 10 million barrels of oil into the Gulf and tainting many water sources. The fires and the oil spill created a huge environmental disaster. Shiite Uprising and the Marsh Arabs At the end of the Persian Gulf War in 1991, southern Shiites and northern Kurds rebelled against Husseins regime. In retaliation, Iraq brutally suppressed the uprising, killing thousands of Shiites in southern Iraq. As supposed punishment for supporting the Shiite rebellion in 1991, Saddam Husseins regime killed thousands of Marsh Arabs, bulldozed their villages, and systematically ruined their way of life. The Marsh Arabs had lived for thousands of years in the marshlands located in southern Iraq until Iraq built a network of canals, dikes, and dams to divert water away from the marshes. The Marsh Arabs were forced to flee the area, their way of life decimated. By 2002, satellite images showed only 7 to 10 percent of the marshlands left. Saddam Hussein is blamed for creating an environmental disaster.

Identifying Themes and Concerns for the Benefit of the Individual Coursework

Identifying Themes and Concerns for the Benefit of the Individual Business Manager - Coursework Example Concepts such as leadership are aligned with the organisational goals and sustainable practices are being brought in the business planning process for ensuring better results. Sustainability as defined by Jansson (2011) is the process of working in a manner by considering the future impact of the activities. Sustainable work practices ensure that the present needs are met without compromising the ability of the future generations to fulfil their needs. (Mishra, 2009) mentioned that in the contemporary scenario, the corporate houses are focusing on reducing the environmental and social impacts of their activities in order to ensure a better scope for business operations. However, Paley (2009) criticised that business firms are also getting affected by the environmental and sustainable issues which is hampering the growth and development process of the business. The diminishing stock of resources is also creating barriers for operational and production processes of the business houses. On the other hand, Boulton, Libert & Samek (2009) reflected the vast resource wastage taking place in the global scenario both in social and corporate segments. Furthermore, Dentchev (2009) also noticed that the over-utilisation and under-utilisation of resources are also among the top causes which influence the environmental sustainability. Considering the environmental factors affecting the business process the aspect of water usage will be studied in this segment. The importance of water does not need to be explained however the general ignorance among the global population regarding water usage is the primary factor leading to water wastage. Ander & Kapoor (2010) stated that going by the current rate, people of earth shall face water scarcity earlier then they face oil scarcity. One of the major consumers of water in the corporate sector is the energy industry. Every

Final project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Final project - Essay Example Internet nowadays is a part of our daily life. Transactions from different field are being done thru the internet. And now shopping is done not only in the department stores or malls but at your living room as well. The use of IT technology has been increasing; computers are no longer treated as luxury but as a necessity and are important in our daily transactions. One subject that has been gaining popularity in the internet is the on line shopping. The objective of this paper is to be able to present to the readers the pros and cons of on-line shopping. This is done by presenting the personnel experience of some persons during their encounter in online shopping. Another objective of the study is to evaluate the e-business that has been gaining the popularity. Most articles that I encounter about e-business presents one conclusion, that a company would not make it in the international market if they were not able to penetrate the online shopping. The paper will also discuss the complexity of the design. This will include the effectiveness and safety of the said design. Online shopping is one aspect of electronic commerce. Electronic commerce, or e-commerce, relates to a variety of business dealings conducted online. They include service providers selling services, and retail businesses selling items to customers. They also include auctioneers who create marketplaces where citizens can buy and sell goods, and business to business commerce. All of these transactions are done via the Internet. Retail business is the biggest part of electronic commerce. Instead of shopping in the traditional way, such as going to an actual retail outlet, using telephone shopping or mail order catalogues, online shopping allows companies and consumers to make their business transactions over networked computers. Online shopping could be defined as the buying and selling of goods over the Internet. Just about anything can be purchased over the internet. Examples of items consumers can buy are computers, cars, clothing, airline and event tickets, food, and pharmaceutical s. The most popular products purchased online were flowers, computer hardware and software, books, consumer electronics, music and videos, toys, and wines (Summers, Gardiner, Lamb, Hair, & McDaniel, 2003). http://wiki.media-culture.org.au/index.php/Online_Shopping The Advantages and Disadvantages of On-line Shopping On-line shopping benefits all; young and old, disabled and able and others as long as you know how to use it. There are things that are considered as an advantage in using the system. The advantages and disadvantages are enumerated in the table below. The purpose of presenting the advantages and disadvantages of on-line shopping and traditional shopping will help the reader decide whether to use the system or not. Another objective is to analyze the process of on-line shopping. The plans objective also include on how to convince a person to use the online shopping. Table 1: Advantages and Disadvantages On line shopping Traditional Shopping Time Unlimited - you can purchase online anytime you want. No closing and opening hours You can shop at limited time only. Availability One will be able to know right away if the item is available or not and where it will be available. You need to drive from one location to another just to find the item you need. You have wasted your time and effort. Comfort You

Bullying and Harrasment in the Workplace Essay Example for Free

Bullying and Harrasment in the Workplace Essay In hard times people tend more to be willing to find out why things aren’t working and so a growing awareness of satisfying employees lead to a more detailed picture of bullying in the workplace. Due to great changes in hotel and hospitality industry caused by the economic crisis and its cumulative effects on the behaviour of managers as well as on employees, volition emerged to do more against bullying in the workplace. This paper critically analyzes the reason for the occurrence of bullying and gives impacts on relationship between bullying, work and health. Furthermore it shows emerging problems for the hotel and hospitality industry and gives advice to find appropriate solutions to provide a bullying-free working place. Several published definitions of bullying make it hard to find the genuine meaning of it. According to the Department of Education? s article, published on their homepage www. education. gov. k in October 2010, bullying can be defined as â€Å"Behaviour by an individual or group usually repeated over time, that intentionally hurts another individual or group either physically, emotionally or mentally†. This definition is accepted and used by various organisations in the UK for anti-bullying publications and treatment policies. Unfortunately this definition covers an array of bullying types, so Zapf D. (1996) categorised five types of bullying behaviour in the workplace to get a closer look on what bullying really is. They are work-related bullying which may include changing your work tasks or making them difficult to perform, social isolation, personal attacks or attacks on your private life by ridicule, insulting remarks, gossip or the like, verbal threats where you are criticised, yelled at or humiliated in public and physical violence or threats of such violence. Referring to those statements it is possible to critically analyze bullying by keeping in mind the definition in relationship with Zapf? s five types of bullying. Nowadays it is well-known that bullying is common in almost every Industry whether in small businesses or international companies. Especially in tourism-related businesses like hotel and hospitality industry, bullying causes capacious damage in different dimensions concerning areas like staff turnover and revenue but also number of staff away sick and motivation of employees. To avoid long-term impacts of harassment, bullying or mobbing has to be nipped in the bud according to Dolan C. (2010):1 who said that â€Å"Bullying can? survive in workplaces that won? t support it. † To provide such a workplace, is today? s great challenge for managers. Generally reasons for bullying are minor problems which aren’t obviously inflicting damage to somebody like discontent about matters, problems in private live, unintended aspersions compared to a co-worker or sometimes a harsh tone in stressful situations. In Hotel and Hospitality industry the constant contact with different people, whether new staff members or guests, provides an excellent breeding ground for such problems. It could be an annoying guest, a challenging situation or an excessive period of work strain which gets people to offend a colleague. All these minor incidents are harmful for working climate and interpersonal relationships in long-term. These problems could be categorised, in alleviated acceptation, into different types of physically and psychologically violence, referring to Fineman S. (2003), who splits workplace violence into intrusive, consumer-related and organizational violence. Intrusive violence rarely occurs in hotel and hospitality industry but is not entirely excluded. On August 21, 2010 the Intercontinental hotel in Rio de Janeiro was scene of a taking of hostages. 10 employees of the hotel were restraint for several hours until they have been released, after the police took some action towards the criminals. Attacks by terrorists against hotels and employees infrequently take place in most countries, but witnessing crime related situations could be an immense strain. A more eminent factor in tourism-related businesses is consumer related violence. Demands of customers which couldn? always be measured, are causing complaints about e. g. delays or bad handling. Especially front office employees have to deal with enormous pressure by being consistently confronted with complaints, and personal affronts from customers. Furthermore Fineman S. (2003):164 describes the occurrence of organizational violence in the workplace as a failing in the ethnically opinions of entrepreneur and characterizes this form of bullying as follows, â€Å"It translates into practices that systematically cause danger, risk or exploitation to employees. Emotionally, the employer can feel indifferent, even derisory about its workers and their psychological or physical well-being: ‘there are always more out there’. The worker may feel equally indifferent but trapped in the job. † Actually frequent occurrence of such, as in the majority of cases irrelevant sensed incidents, leads to a growth of troubles and personal antipathy against fellow-workers and employers is growing until the straw that breaks the camel? s back and physically or psychological damages are the immediate consequences. As has been proved in an array of researches by organisations dealing with the problems of bullying and harassment in the workplace, like ACAS, bullying affects a company in a tremendous variety of ways. Hotel and Hospitality industry is a very people-intensive branch primarily composed of small businesses. According to ACSA a main impact of bullying is the increase in rates of absence, especially concerning small firms where cover for sick employees is difficult to arrange. The Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD), Europe’s largest HR and development professional body, releases every year a survey report pointing out the consequences of days of absence. In 2009 the average in days of absence, concerning all business sectors, was 7. 4 days per employee per year. The amount in hotel and hospitality sector was below average with 6. 0 days per employee per year but in comparison between hotel and hospitality and other businesses, the average annual costs of absence per employee per year are superior. Relating to the CIPD the average annual costs of absence per employee per year, enfolding all business-sectors, are 692 pounds. In this area hotel and hospitality businesses are the tragic top of the table with 1199 pounds per employee per year. The survey also shows that stress (often a result of bullying) is the major cause for long-term absence. Other consequences of bullying, described by ACAS, are poor morale and poor employee relations, loss of respect for managers and supervisors, poor performance, lost productivity, resignations, damage to company reputation and tribunal and other court cases and payment of unlimited compensations. Taking a closer look on stress it is to say that in hotel and hospitality industry it is a necessity for employees to know how to handle stress because there will always be periods of strain. The big problem in coping stress is that no two people respond to the same stressor in the same way and this is the perfect point where management should intervene. According to Stranks (2005) different strategies can be considered in dealing with work-related stress, first of all it is important recognizing the evidence of stress which could manifest in sickness, alcoholism or decreasing motivation. A second strategy is to prevent stress through e. g. personal stress audits for employees to identify causes of stress, to monitor stress levels and to report and discuss stressful elements of work to identify the measures necessary at organizational level to alleviate the problem. A third way is to give employees the opportunity to develop a personal stress-tackling technique by providing training and education. Stranks (2005):113 in this point said that employees need advice on identifying their own personal stress response and the measures necessary to coping with it. † Advice to handle stress could be found from organisations like Health and Safety Executive (HSE) releasing handbooks for employees (2003, Tackling Work-Related Stress: A Guide for Employees) as well as for managers (2001, Tackling Work-Related Stress: A Manager’s Guide to improving and Maintaining Employee Health and Well-being). These strategies work very well as reported in many case studies e. g. on United Biscuits by HSE in 2007. The case study points out that United Biscuits benefited from taking action against stress in many ways. From 2005 to 2007 reports of work related stress cases decreased from 24 to 6 per year. Furthermore HRS mentions that each case where absence is prevented, it is estimated the cost of 4 weeks wages and other associated costs is saved. As a matter of fact it is a necessity to override bullying and its consequences by management to keep costs low and protect employees from physical or psychological injuries caused by bullying. As mentioned in ‘bullying and harassment at work’, an advisory booklet publicised by ACAS, the first step to provide a bully-free working environment is to set up a formal policy including a statement of commitment from management and acknowledgement that bullying and harassment are problems for the organisation. The policy could also comprise a clear statement that bullying and harassment is unlawful, that it will not be tolerated, that it may be treated as disciplinary offences and that decisions should not be taken on the basis or whether someone submitted to or rejected a particular instance of harassment. Furthermore the policy is to comprehend steps the organisation takes to prevent bullying, responsibilities of supervisors and managers and confidentiality for any complainant. The policy should involve grievance, investigation and disciplinary procedures with timescales for action. Another point should deal with protection from victimisation and the importance and possibility of training for managers to avoid bullying. Involving staff into the process of developing such a policy will help achieving additional authority. Such a policy is supported by Stale Einarsen (1999):23 in the international journal of manpower who said â€Å"If not being permitted or supported by the people in power, a bully knows he/she may find him/herself the victim of aggressive counter-attacks and severe punishment. † In reference to ACAS the second step is to set a good example in behaviour, like discussing problems and consult employees instead of a too authoritarian management style. A current negative example for this point is the discussion about Gordon Brown? s abusive treatment of staff. The Guardian (21. 2. 2010) advertised that several employees from Downing Street No. 10 contacted the National Anti-bullying Helpline which raises discussions about Mr. Browns management style. Mr. Brown is being denoted as a bully by employees including assertions that he swore at staff, grabbed them by lapels and shouted at them. Third step to deal with bullying and harassment as a manager is to maintain fair procedures for dealing promptly with complaints from employees by using clear grievance and disciplinary procedure described in the Employment Relations Act 1999. Fourth step is to set clear standards of behaviour, to provide training and information about how to deal with bullying and to communicate the organisation? s views on it. Fifth, make clear that complaints will be dealt with fairly, confidentially and sensitively. By following these five steps of ACAS it is getting a lot easier to provide a good working climate and satisfy employees. In conclusion bullying is a problem affecting all businesses with different strength, in different ways and with different consequences, but the reason for occurrence of bullying is the one constant in all companies. It all starts with recurring minor problems that aren’t recognized until they grow big, so discussing problems and communicate them will help companies save money and satisfy employees. By using a metaphor to describe bullying, the strength in which bullying affects humans as well as companies could be expressed as follows A single thunderous gust could disroot trees, but a permanent breeze transforms mountains into grains of sand.

Billy Budd Essay -- essays research papers

BILLY BUDD   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many ways you can argue if the novel Billy Budd was a good novel or a bad one. You can determine this by looking at such things as plot, character, and the use of language. The book is about a sailor that has been impressed (the act of forcibly taking sailors and making them serve in the navy) by the British navy. It is set in the late 1700’s during the French Revolution which overthrew the anarchy, addressed peoples concerns, and it was mainly a focus on human rights. The Revolution also influenced the way sailors thought because of the mutinies at Spit head and Nor. And due to Billy’s notable qualities he became the handsome sailor(the natural leader of the crew). Also since the British Navy needed so many people to fight with them they picked up many people making their ships crew multi cultural. But Billy went onto the ship not only to find out that his life will come to an abrupt stop. The novel appealed in many ways with both likes an d dislikes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The novel was fairly good due to its plot layout. The early setting in the late 1700’s, and the whole sailor aspect was good. the things that make the novel interesting is that its on a boat in the old age and if someone gets injured or something similar to that the healing process will not be as good. just knowing that can make you look at the book a whole new way because you look more for violence sometimes than peoples discussing something. The...

Mexican View Point on the War with the United States

A Mexican View Point on the War With the United States Introduction Jesus Velasco-Marquez wrote â€Å"A Mexican View Point on the War With the United States† sometime around 1991. He wrote to share how the Mexicans felt about the U. S-Mexican War. Mexico was only reacting to the United States government taking what was rightfully theirs. Body The U. S- Mexican War has two very different stories depending on whom you ask. The war officially started when the president of the United States at the time (James K. Polk) sent troops to the region between Rio Grande and Nueces River, Texans believed that its border was the Rio Grande.Mexicans did not acknowledge the Rio Grande as the border; they believed it was the Nueces River. The troops thought they were on Texan soil. Mexicans thought that the Americans had invaded their soil. So Mexican troops attacked The American troops, which gives birth to the widely conceived rumor of the Mexicans killed Americans on American territory. Jes us thought it was important to point out that this was not entirely true because the land was rightfully the Mexicans and they truly believed they were just defending their land.It was important to him to tell how the Mexicans were not just attacking American soldiers in cold blood. Even though there was a peace treaty wrote up before the fighting began Mexico did not consider it much of a compromise. They would lose all of Texas, Oregon and California. From the Mexican view point it looked like that had no choice but to fight the matter out. If they did not stand up for themselves they would look like a weak country. It seemed to them that the Americans were not treating them fairly. So, they started taking action. Which ended in an all out war.Marquez wrote his article with many valid points concerning the war and the Mexican viewpoint. I believe that it was a little hard to understand. Although it did have all the points well organized. One thing that Jesus thought was important to learn from his article was Mexico was simply defending its national security. Also he thought it was important to let the reader know that Mexico was not being arrogant, just responding to the American governments actions. He wanted others to know that the Mexican government was somewhat unstable at the time.If any leader tried to come to an agreement with the Americans and someone else didn’t like that decision that person would be overthrown. â€Å"Most people in Mexico believed the use of arms was the only option available to defend their rights and territorial integrity. † I think that this is an important quote from the text. It shows the view of most Mexicans at the time. They were not being irresponsible by fighting but just standing up for what they believed was right. In the American Pageant the Mexican-American War is mentioned in chapter 17.One subtitle is Misunderstandings with Mexico; the war is described as a result of the president’s want for m anifest destiny. Another subtitle describing the war is American Blood on American (? ) Soil, which describes the confusion there was over the Rio Grande River and Nuece River being boundaries. /the page numbers are 368-373. Conclusion Before reading Jesus Velasco-Marquez article I knew nothing of the Mexican-American War. After reading the article I am much more informed about the war in general. Also I know have a greater understanding of the challengers the Mexicans faced during this war.

History of gambling Essay

?In modern day America, gambling is seen everywhere. Whether it is gambling on a sporting event, a horse race, a game of cards, or any other event, it is seen as a common practice among many American citizens. The most popular place for one to gamble is a casino. There are many casinos throughout the country, and despite the many critics of such venues, these casinos are here to stay for quite some time to come. Starting in 1931, Nevada took control of the casino gambling market and held a monopoly within this industry. It was the first state to have legalized commercial casino gambling, and it was the only state to have such legislation until 1976 (Morse, Goss 13-14). During the 1950’s, Las Vegas started to develop rapidly, opening many casinos within the city. Throughout the 1960’s most of these top-end casinos were purchased by Howard Hughes, which led to an ending of organized crime in the Las Vegas area. Corporations then began building and purchasing casino properties. The profitability of such properties made entering the casino industry quite attractive. This was the beginning of the transition of casinos from a simple form of gaming to a legitimate business (History of US Gambling). In 1976, commercial casino gaming was legalized in New Jersey, and Atlantic City began to thrive in ways similar to Las Vegas. This was the outcome that was hoped for, because it was done in an effort to revitalize Atlantic City. Casinos started to be built in Atlantic City, and a popular location for these casinos was the city boardwalk, along with in the marina district (Morse, Goss 14). More than a decade later, several states began to legalize commercial casino gambling. There are currently fifty-seven counties in the United States that allow commercial casino gambling. In states other than Nevada, a good majority of commercial casino gaming takes place adjacent to a river or some form of a body of water that creates a geographic border dividing states. This promotes the idea of riverboat gambling, along with the competition between each state and their neighbors for their gambling supporters (Morse, Goss 14-15). Soon after the rapid expansion of legal gambling locations throughout the country, tribal casino gambling became an important part of today’s casino industry. Tribal casino gambling is a practice that came to place after the 1987 Supreme Court decision in California v. Cabazon Band of Mission Indians. This case determined that the state of California did not have the proper authority to use its regulatory statutes for the gambling activities that took place on Indian reservations. The only institution that had complete authority over the issue was the federal government; therefore congressional authorization was necessary for state power to enact regulations. In 1988, Congress responded by passing and enacting the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (IGRA). This was done for the purpose of balancing both the interests of the states and those tribes that resided within them (Morse, Goss 18-19). There were many policy goals that the IGRA aimed to accomplish. The first was to promote economic development and self-sufficiency amongst tribes. The second goal was to create a regulatory base that protected Indian gaming from organized crime, to make sure that the only beneficiary of the gaming operations is the tribe itself, and to ensure that the gaming operations are both fair and honest. The final goal was to establish an organization that would assist in these purposes, thus the creation of the National Indian Gaming Commission. Basically, the IGRA allowed tribes the right to build and run gaming facilities, or casinos, on their reservations to the same extent as the gaming allowed by state law (Morse, Goss 19). Tribal gaming has proven to be quite beneficial for Indian tribes in the United States. The tribes that have benefited the most are those that have exclusive rights to owning and operating casinos within their state. That means that specific states have an agreement with the tribes in their state that there will not be any commercial casinos within the state, just tribal casinos on tribal territory. This creates endless opportunities for tribal members, allowing them to generate large revenues and provide jobs for many members of their tribe (Morse, Goss 20-21). More recently, a new type of casino has emerged quickly into the gambling business, that being racetrack casinos, or racinos. These casinos are essentially a horse-racing track, along with many other casino features, such as slot machines, video gambling terminals, card tables, etc. This brings in a diverse crowd of people, for a lot of people only like to gamble on live racing events. It also helps states contain gaming expansion to their current racing grounds, and the economic benefits have quite a positive effect for the state (Morse, Goss 22). Each type of casino benefits the state in different ways. By a slight margin, there are more commercial casinos in the United States than tribal casinos, but tribal casinos are being built more rapidly (192 built between 2004-2007, as opposed to 175 commercial casinos built), so it is expected they will pass up commercial casinos in the near future. States benefit most from commercial casinos, receiving on average 16. 4% of revenues, as opposed to just 6. 1% of revenue from the tribal casinos (Morse, Goss 23). One factor that has led to major success for casinos in the United States is the great amount of promotion and advertising. The average casino spends 2. 5% of all revenues on promotion and advertising, which is a heavy amount compared to many other business industries. Throughout the years of the existence of legalized gambling, casinos have been figuring out the secret to generating the highest possible revenue, and that is through promotion. Promotions for casinos originally started out pretty basic, offering a patron a free bet if they come to the casino, or a free drink or meal. With the addition of hotels to many casinos, casinos began offering free night stays to customers, and sometimes even free transportation both to and from the casino for the time of their stay. Since then, there has been such an intense competition between casinos to attract gamblers to their establishment, so more and more promotions started to come into place and be offered by casinos around the country (Morse, Goss 27-28). Some casinos found their best strategy was to pay their patrons to play. This came in either the form of simply handing the patron money upon walking in the door (usually between 5-$20, but sometimes upwards of $100), or paying the person for the amount of time they spent in the casino. This is done by activating a â€Å"player card†, and every time that player sits down to play a game, they scan their card at that station and the system keeps track of how much time the player has spent gambling. Their account is then credited with however much money they earned during their time spent at the casino (Ogwyn). Competition between casinos continued to grow every year, and still does to this day. Promotions have become a necessity in order for a casino to succeed, and many amenities have become expected by patrons upon entering a casino. For one, soft drinks are expected to be complimentary at every casino. Many casinos have waiters and waitresses walking around taking orders, so there is a convenience of receiving a soft drink without needing to get up from your chair. It is seen as courteous to tip the servers, and is also seen as good karma for the gambling that is done after. The most intense promotion competitions take place in the major casino markets. Harrah’s is a major casino corporation, and it is one of the highest spenders when it comes to promotions. In 2005, it initiated possibly the biggest promotion in casino history, and that was the $1,000,000 Treasure Hunt. To partake in the hunt, customers had to go to one of the many Harrah’s Casino locations in the country, and depending how much time the customer spent at the casino, they earned an entry (or multiple entries, depending on the frequency of visits) into the contest. These entries represented an opportunity to partake in the actual treasure hunt, which took place in Las Vegas on November 10, 2005. A treasure chest containing $1,000,000 was placed in a remote desert location, and whoever found it first kept it all. This created an uproar of hype for Harrah’s Casinos, and has helped increase revenues in the following years since as well. Many other casinos learned from that, and started similar promotions to help boost their own revenues. This is a good example of how casinos have been learning from each other throughout time, and adjusting quickly to whatever is necessary for maximum business. The bottom line when it comes to casino promotions: do whatever it takes to get customers through the door; revenues will generate from there (Morse, Goss 28). Many studies have been done to find the effect of legalized casino gambling in an area on the residents who reside in that area. A study done by Morse and Goss in 2005 had surprising results, finding that counties that legalized casino gambling experienced lower personal bankruptcy rates in the first several years of having a casino operating in the county. After those years, however, it was found that the personal bankruptcy rates began to rise, eventually becoming higher than the rates from before the legalization of casino gambling (Morse, Goss 53). Casinos have been growing and expanding ever since their first existence. It is a unique industry in that, unlike many other large industries, it is not that crucial to focus on cutting costs, while instead it is best to just focus on generating revenues. As said before, this industry has a history of experiencing great success, and it is only getting greater and greater each year. Looking at some statistics from 1998-2003 is a good way to show an example of this growth; the average number of employees for stand-alone casinos in the United States went from 201 in 1998 to 265 in 2003, and in casino hotels it grew from 988 to 1,208 employees. Average pay for these employees grew as well. In 1998, stand-alone casino employees earned on average $21,700 a year, while in 2003 they earned $25,100 a year. It was a similar jump in salary for casino hotel employees, going from earning on average $23,700 a year to $26,100 a year (Morse, Goss 55). Today, the United States has an incredibly large market for casino gambling. There was an estimated 147 billion U. S. dollars in global revenue from casino gaming, and 60 billion of those dollars was from United States gambling. In the twenty states with legalized commercial gambling, there are about 450 commercial casinos in the United States (CASINO GAMBLING HISTORY). Gambling has been around since the beginning of United States history, and the creation and expansion of gambling centers that we call casinos has led to many opportunities for both growth and decline for citizens in this country. Whether viewed as positive or negative, casinos are here to stay for some time.

Essay on Shipping Business part 2

Essay on Shipping Business part 2 Essay on Shipping Business part 2 Essay on Shipping Business part 2Essay on   Shipping Business   part  1The horizontal integration allows companies operating in the shipping industry to expand the scope of their shipping operations, through purchasing new means of transport and entering new segments of the market. For example, a company specialized on the automobile transportation acquires or mergers with an air transportation company. In such a way, the company integrates its operations within the shipping industry. The horizontal integration helps the company to enhance its position in the market due to new acquisitions but still the company does not move beyond the shipping market that apparently limits the scope for its marketing manoeuvres (Peters, 2012). The company relies on companies selling their goods to customers, instead of acquiring such a company to integrate sales and shipping, as is the case of the vertical integration.The horizontal integration contributes to the increase of the market share of the company but this growth is limited because the competition grows tighter and, at certain point, the company expanding horizontally stops growing. Today, the horizontal expansion is still significant due to the globalization of the world economy and elimination of barriers between countries. The globalization opens larger opportunities for the horizontal integration because companies can expand their business entering international markets. For example, a shipping company operating in the US can open its affiliates in Canada, Mexico, and other countries. In such a way, the company conducts the horizontal integration uniting its operations internationally and remains within its market specialization.Moreover, new technologies open opportunity for long distance transportation that requires the horizontal integration to make shipping companies more effective, especially when different means of transportation have to be used to deliver goods to customers. Therefore, company have better opportunities for the closer horizontal integration within the shipping industry. At the same time, the scope of the horizontal integration is limited in a long-run perspective, because, at the moment, large companies, such as UPS, DHL and others have already become the major players in the global market and raised barriers to entry as well as opportunities for horizontal expansion for other companies.The vertical integration in the shipping industryThe vertical integration in the shipping industry may involve the growing integration between units of the company operating in different fields. For example, the vertical integration may include the following elements of the organizational structure: the automobile transportation; the automobile parts and equipment supplies; the automobile repair stations; the customer call centre; the online company offering shipping services and other units that may be further vertically integrated to expand the scope of operations of the shipp ing company. In fact, the vertical integration may vary and the aforementioned model is just an example, whereas the real world vertical integration of a shipping company may be deeper or shallower depending on the marketing strategy and goals of the company.The vertical integration is complex but it may be very efficient in terms of the accelerated business development. For example, a large electronic commerce company, like Amazon, needs shipping services. The vertical integration allows shipping companies to integrate into such companies or integrate minor electronic commerce companies to expand their business and take advantage of their electronic commerce and shipping which may be cheaper compared to rivals because the company does both sales of products and their shipping without outsourcing shipping services as other electronic commerce companies normally do.The vertical integration opens new opportunities for shipping companies to boost their business development because, in face of the tight competition in the shipping proper, they can improve their competitive position through the vertical integration, which involves the acquisition of a company manufacturing automotive supplies used by the shipping company as well as other forms of the vertical integration that increase the efficiency of the performance of the shipping company. The vertical integration contributes to the emergence of new directions for the further business development of the shipping company and its steady transformation and diversification to the extent that the company may evolve and offer customers multiple services under its brand or, alternatively, create multiple brands offering diverse services from sales to shipping items to customers.The vertical integration is more efficient and has better prospects in the contemporary market compared to the horizontal integration because the fast progress of e-commerce, international trade, and progress of technology stiffen the competitio n in the shipping industry and force companies to develop closer cooperation with companies operating in other industries or at a different market level. The vertical integration helps shipping companies to enter new prospective markets and make their shipping business more balanced due to the integration with closely related industries or businesses, which can boost the business development of shipping companies.Conclusion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus, both horizontal and vertical integration can contribute to the successful business development of companies operating in the shipping industry but the vertical integration is more prospective and beneficial for companies operating in the shipping industry in light of the economic globalization, fast growth of e-commerce, progress of technology and changing demands and expectations of customers. The horizontal and vertical integration contribute to the market expansion and growth of companies as well as they help t o maintain their competitive position. On the other hand, shipping companies should always be aware of the importance of the focus on the integration that meets their own business goals and long-run marketing strategies to ensure that the integration they choose will be successful.

How to write the perfect interview thank you note

How to write the perfect interview thank you note Someone wise once said, â€Å"Saying thanks costs nothing but gives everything.† If you’re a jobseeker who’s currently going through the interview process, it can also help you to gain everything, especially that coveted position. Sending a job interview thank you note within 24 hours of a meeting isn’t just good manners; it can be the act that ultimately secures you the role. Not only do follow-up notes serve to remind hiring managers of your exchange, but they also show prospective employers that you really want the job and that you’re the sort of polite, committed individual they want in their workforce. In other words, follow-up notes are a must-do, and with National Thank You Note Day coming up soon on December 26th, now is a particularly good time to start thinking about how best to express gratitude in a letter or email. Because to really have an impact, you need to go beyond simply saying, â€Å"Thanks for your time†. Let’s loo k at how to craft post-interview correspondence that sets you apart from the competition.1. Lay the groundwork.You should ideally write a personalized job interview thank you note to every individual who set aside time to meet with you – if there were five people on the interview panel, best practice would dictate that you craft five separate letters. To make this easier for yourself, try to get each person’s business card at the end of the interview, or if this isn’t possible, ask your main contact for the other interviewers’ full names and email addresses before you leave.2. Make your â€Å"thank you† sincere and specific.It’s important that your issue of thanks feels genuine and not like something you’re just checking off a list. To make it sound sincere, don’t stop at â€Å"Thanks for meeting with me today.† Rather, pick out and mention one or two specific things you truly appreciated about the exchange. Maybe the in terviewer went out of their way to make you feel relaxed. Maybe they patiently answered all of your questions at the close of the interview. By calling out these particulars, you show that you noticed, and place value on, the effort they invested in the conversation.3. Reference a unique, memory-jogging detail.Hiring managers typically interview a bunch of candidates for a single vacancy, and they’ll likely receive a heap of thank you notes, too. So, when your letter appears in their inbox, they might not immediately recall who you are. Remind them by making reference to a part of the discussion that was (most likely) unique to you. For example, perhaps you discovered that you share a favorite author or attended the same university. Or maybe you found yourselves chatting about an exciting new industry development for a solid 10 minutes. Allude to this in your job interview thank you note to make sure that your face pops into the recipient’s mind when they’re rea ding it.4. Show that you were really listening.Employers want to hire someone who can hit the ground running – someone who really understands what the company needs and what would be required of them as an employee. In most interviews, hiring managers will cover these sorts of details. Show that you were paying attention, and that you genuinely care about the position, by speaking to a few of the key points that the interviewer shared with you. Illustrate that you’re familiar with the goals and challenges that the organization is currently facing, and then go one step further by highlighting how your skills and experience position you well to help them achieve their objectives.5. Reiterate your interest in the position.In the same way that you might leave a meet-up wondering what the interviewers think of you, they might walk away wondering how you feel about the role, now that you’ve learned more details. Use your job interview thank you note to reassure prospe ctive employers that you’re still enthusiastic about the position. Express your genuine interest by pulling out specifics about the role and company that really appeal to you, but be careful not to overdo it.6. Invite a response.Close your note by encouraging the recipient to contact you if they have additional questions or need extra documentation from you in order to make a decision. You could also politely request interview feedback. This way, interviewers will be pressed to follow up, and you’ll (ideally) keep the lines of communication open and your name top of mind.7. Pay attention to formatting and tone.In today’s digital age, it’s absolutely fine to send your job interview thank you note in email form (unless the company you’re applying to is old-school, in which case a handwritten letter would be better). Either way, make sure the tone and language you use is professional, and format the note like you would a formal business letter, with a ppropriate opening and closing salutations. Remember to proofread for spelling and grammatical errors, and finally, keep the note as a whole succinct – while hiring managers will appreciate a â€Å"thank you,† they probably won’t take kindly to having to wade through an epic story.LiveCareer  offers assistance to jobseekers at every step of the journey. Access free  resume templates  and  resume examples, plus a free  resume builder  and advice on how to answer  interview questions  of all stripes.

The Ancient Egyptians' Wall Painting Techniques Research Paper

The Ancient Egyptians' Wall Painting Techniques - Research Paper Example The research paper studies the changes in the techniques of the ancient Egyptian wall paintings. Several individuals sometimes argue that the ancient Egyptian civilization endured without necessarily undergoing much change for a period of over three thousand years. This claim is partially true because the Egyptian lifestyle changes considerably over a period. Art and craft in the ancient Egypt is far from what people understand today to be art and craft. What is referred to as the Egyptian Art was created originally for magical and religious purposes. The functions and symbols of this art reveal the beliefs of the Egyptians about the world and their effort to comprehend and relate to it. In the religious and social context of Egypt, the works of Art played a practical role whose direct physicality is not easy or simple for the modern viewer to recognize. Most of the basics of Egyptian art were established or created at the beginning of the history of Egyptians and changed little afte r that. Most of the subject matter portrayed by this art remained unchanging over several years creating a mistaken notion or a misconception that the Egyptian art remained the same virtually or similar for a period of three thousand years. Therefore the only reason that would have necessitated a fundamental change in the depictions of Egyptian artists would be an alteration in the purpose of Egyptian art. This article will discuss how the ancient Egyptians' wall painting techniques changed through time from the Old Kingdom to the New Kingdom. The paper will further outline the significances of the paintings and why the Egyptians used that technique to paint the wall. The ancient Egyptian civilization having much stability necessitated that the artistic conventions remain the same or similar for most of the Egyptian art history. However, a closer examination at various art works depicts differences in style showing those of the old, middle, and new kingdom with differences. Art was all round or surrounded entirely the ancient Egyptians. Starting from every temple and public building art down to the pharaohs and their families and ministers’ tombs, the message spreading being that of the God King and his position or place in maintaining order in the world. Starting with the earliest history, the art of the pre dynastic was popular from the funeral offerings. This art was consisted largely of the painted figurines and pottery, cosmetic palettes, carvings, and finely worked weapons (flint weapons). In painting, the monumental treatment was granted to designs such as those drawn in red on buff-colored pottery. The monopolistic figures depicting the gods curved from limestone come up towards the end of the pre dynastic period. The old kingdom period that followed the pre dynastic period or era had the reliefs and wall paintings reflecting the concept of art that served the gods of cult, the dead, and the kings. The traditional poses were combined with the id ealistic features in the royal statuary. The statuary depicted the royalty as physically strong having softened features like touch of realism in some instances. Wall spaces found in the temples and tombs started using paintings and reliefs to depict or show the daily activities in estates, workshops, and homes. The paintings and reliefs were at times executed to indicate or show the activities of birds, animals, and working groups. The raised or sunken paintings and reliefs were proportioned well and composed with extreme or fine details particularly the Saqqara tombs. El Aaal Et all (5) while analyzing the paints argues that the polychromatic decorations of the