Causes of Macrofaunal Outline on a Dissipative Beach

Causes of Macrofaunal Outline on a Dissipative Beach Investigating the causes of macrofaunal outline on a dissipative beach in Abberffraw. Aim: To investigate macrofaunal abundance and distribution pattern across five different shore levels. Hypothesis: whether physical and biological factors have direct correlation on community structures of infauna species. Cisneros et al. (2011) and Croker Hatfield (1980) have tested this hypothesis and reported significance. Figure lists are illustrating distribution and abundance of 31 species sampled on a vertical gradient across 5 shore heights. Out of these, three polychaetes species; Scolelepis squamata, Scoloplos armiger, Nephtys sp, including twocrustaceans Bathyporeia sp, and Eurydice pulchra were found throughout sampling stations (Fig 2). As shore slope decreases species diversity increases (Fig 1). Station 2 had maximum abundance (4050 ind./ m2) whereas station 4 had the greatest species richness (SR = 18) (Fig 1). Sandy shores are dynamic environments with biotic (Croker Hatfield, 1980) and abiotic (Cisneros et al., 2011) conditions changing continuously, influencing species spatial scales along shores. Three major environmental factors, influencing community structures (McLachlan Brown, 2006); 1. beach type (physical gradient/ sediment texture); 2. tidal regime (wave action/ moisture/ organic enrichment); and 3. swash climate (water filtration) (Defeo, McLachlan, 2005). Zonation patterns are evident, due to tidal movement (Brazeiro Defeo 1996), seasonal migration (De Alava Defeo 1991), and predation contributing to the variations. Ansell et al., (1999), reported that predators migrate following prey species. Cisneros et al. (2011), stated physical drivers influenced macrofaunal community. Abberffraw shore consists of fine grainy sand particles with small interstitial space facilitating burrowing (McLachlan et al., 1996) and slower water filtration (McLachlan Brown, 2006) providing suitable living conditions. Dominating middle and lower shores are Polychaetes (Connor et al., 1997) in water-saturated sediments whiles crustaceans are generally distributed at different shore levels (Dahl, 1952). Work, et al., (2008) found that water drainage is critical in determining polychaets presence; Scolelepis squamat, Scoloplos armiger andNephtys sp.can tolerate drained sediments (Connor et al., 1997) explaining the occurrence at higher stations (Fig 2). More studies are needed in determine zonation and causes (Defeo, McLachlan, 2005). References. Brazeiro, A., Defeo, O. (1996). Macroinfauna zonation in microtidal sandy beaches: Is it possible to identify patterns in such variable environments? Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 42(4), 523-536. Cisneros, K. O., Smit, A. J., Laudien, J., Schoeman, D. S. (2011). Complex, dynamic combination of physical, chemical and nutritional variables controls spatio-temporal variation of sandy beach community structure. PloS One, 6(8), e23724. Connor, D., Brazier, D., Hill, T., Northen, K. (1997). Marine nature conservation review: Marine biotope classification for britain and ireland. volume 1. littoral biotopes. JNCC Report, 229. Croker, R., Hatfield, E. (1980). Space partitioning and interactions in an intertidal sand-burrowing amphipod guild. Marine Biology, 61(1), 79-88. Dahl, E. (1952). Some aspects of the ecology and zonation of the fauna on sandy beaches. Oikos, 4(1), 1-27. De Alava, A., Defeo, O. (1991). Distributional pattern and population dynamics of excirolana armata (isopoda: Cirolanidae) in a uruguayan sandy beach. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 33(5), 433-444. Defeo, O., McLachlan, A. (2005). Patterns, processes and regulatory mechanisms in sandy beach macrofauna: A multi-scale analysis. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 295, 1-20. McLachlan, A., Brown, A. (2006). Sandy beaches as ecosystems. Work, F., Hubble, M., Teague, L., Tennant, K., Skidmore, L., Webb, H., Gillespie, B. Lister, J. (2008). Project: SC 410354 Date of Issue: June 2008. McLachlan, A., de Ruyck. A., Hacking, N. (1996). Community structure on sandy beaches: patterns of richness and zonation in relation to tide range and latitude. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 69, 451-67

Business Statistics

QMT2033 BUSINESS STATISTICS Assignment for mid -term break 1. Most of the information technology developers claim that wireless connection would give speed of at least 11 Mbps compared to wired connection. A sample of 105 computers using wireless connection shows it gives a mean of 11. 7 Mbps and a standard deviation of 2. 3 Mbps. a) Do you think that the wireless usage should be implemented? Test at 7% significance level). b) Repeat the test by using p-value approach. 2. A jack is usually used for raising the axle of a motor so that a wheel may be changed.It is known that the weight of the vehicle that be raised by a jack is more than 100kg. a random sample of 125 jacks with a mean of 102. 2kg and standard deviation of 15. 17kg is taken. a) Do you agree that a jack can raise more than a 100 kg vehicle? (use ? = 0. 03) b) Repeat the test by using p-value approach. 3. In a normal situation, on average, a song needs a duration of at most 3. 5 minutes to be played. The duration of a ran dom sample of 11 songs is taken, and the data are as follows: 5. 32 6. 53 4. 52 3. 20 3. 39 4. 00 4. 10 3. 15 3. 47 4. 01 2. 3 a) By using the data, do you agree with the statement that a song needs a duration of at most 3. 5 minutes to be played? (use ? = 0. 05) b) Repeat the test by using p-value approach. 4. A researcher needs on average, 1. 2 years to complete his short-term research. A random sample of 12 researcher are taken, and the duration (in years) to complete their research are recorded as below: 4. 3 1. 0 1. 5 1. 6 1. 2 0. 8 2. 1 2. 4 0. 7 1. 3 0. 4 a) Do these data support the stamen that a researcher needs exactly 1. 2 years to complete his research? (use ? =0. 05) b) Repeat the test by using p-value approach. 5.Newly purchased automobile tyres of a certain type are supposed to be filled with a pressure of at most 34 psi. A random sample of 36 such tyres was selected and it gives a sample mean of 34. 66 psi and a standard deviation of 2. 14 psi. a) Does this sample pr ove that such tyres fill with a pressure of at most 34 psi? (Use 7% significance level). b) Repeat the test by using p-value approach. QMT2033 BUSINESS STATISTICS 6. In a labour-management discussion it was brought up that workers at a certain large plant, take on average at least 32. 6 minutes to get to work. If a random sample of 60 workers took on the average of 33. minutes with a standard deviation of 6. 1 minutes, what can you conclude based on the sample taken? (Use 0. 017 level of significance). Repeat the test by using p-value approach. 7. A manufacturer has developed a new fishing line, which he claims has a mean breaking strength of 15 kilograms with a standard deviation of 0. 5 kilogram. To test the eligibility of the claim, a random sample of 50 lines has been tested and it gave a mean of 14. 9 kilograms. Can you help the manufacturer to test his claim? (Use a significance level of 0. 08). Repeat the test by using p-value approach.

How to Be Old Poem Analysis

â€Å"How to Be Old† It is easy to be young, (Everybody is, at first.) It is not easy to be old. It takes time. Youth is given; age is achieved. One must work a magic to mix with time in order to become old. Youth is given. One must put it away like a doll in a closet, take it out and play with it only on holidays. One must have many dresses and dress the doll impeccably (but not to show the doll, to keep it hidden. ) It is necessary to adore the doll, to remember it in the dark on the ordinary days, and every day congratulate one's aging face in the mirror. In time one will be very old. In time, one's life will be accomplished.And in time, in time, the doll–– like new, though ancient––will be found. – May SwensonWho is the speaker? What is the point of view? What is the mood? What is the tone? What is the imagery? What is the form? What is the theme? What is the figurative language? The speaker in the poem â€Å" How to Be Old† by May Swenson is an elder teaching children about growing old. The poem is in third person point of view. The mood is kind of sad because your moving on from childhood and growing up. The theme is serious, the author is telling you to hide your inner child and only take it out on special occasions. While reading this poem I imagined a little girl putting her doll away and then growing up into adulthood. The theme of the poem is cherish the past, but embrace the future. In this poem the word doll is used to describe childhood, because childhood like a doll is fun and playful, but at some point in your life, you're going to have to put that doll in your closet and move on. You're growing up and maturing, you can still think about your childhood and even bring out the inner child in your heart but not often because there is a time and a place to release your inner child.

Movie Hacksaw Ridge, Directed By Mel Gibson - 2061 Words

Throughout the history of motion pictures, the industry has produced a vast number and variety of films that have differed from genre to genre. Although many of these films have proven memorable for both good and bad reasons, only a few of these films will be remembered for a long period of time as a great movie and one that people suggest to everyone as a â€Å"must see film.† The genre examined for this analysis is war films. The films in this category for the most part are centered on real life events that have taken place and these films are used to enlighten the audience. There have been thousands of good war movies that have come out and won many awards but their have only been a few great ones. One such film that is a great war movie is Hacksaw Ridge, directed by Mel Gibson and based on a true story. It is great because it succeeds in portraying a message, telling a story and reaching out and capturing the audience. War films have been around since movies first stating being produced. They started out as black and white films with no sound. They were used for propaganda and usually took the Americans side. It wasn’t until many years after that sound was introduced. Then came color in these films. With the technology improving over times war films became more popular and more realistic. They also told better stories and became more violent. With addition to the upgrade in quality of war films different perspectives were shown as well, not jus the Americans side.Show MoreRelatedHeroism : What Makes A Hero? Essay1665 Words   |  7 Pagesor conflict heroism is something that gets overlooked. An obvious hero that comes to mind is a very famous war hero named Desmond Doss. Desmond Doss was an army medic who served in War World II. Recently a movie named â€Å"Hacksaw Ridge† (a 2016 biographical war film directed by Mel Gibson) made his contribution and heroism in World War II well known. Desmond Doss did what no other pers on would ever do. He entered one of the bloodiest wars known to mankind, but the kicker is he entered that war